Updated July 12, 2026

How are teams judged?

Pick a question and see which teams the referees treated most — and least — evenly. Every number opens onto the evidence behind it.

Teams 16 of 48
Teams included in every ranking

Across every question

Who came out ahead overall?

A rough combined view of how the calls broke for each team across the questions below.

  1. Argentina#1
  2. Mexico#2
  3. Switzerland#3
See the full picture →

The questions we asked

What we looked at

Big Moments

Big Moments

Do opponents get sent off unusually often when they play them?

Fewer than the field

  1. Belgium
  2. Brazil
  3. Colombia

More than the field ✓ Favorable

  1. Mexico
  2. Canada
  3. Switzerland

More than the field is the favorable side — more opponent dismissals than the field norm means the calls fell the team's way.

Big Moments

Did VAR interventions net for or against them?

Net against

  1. Colombia
  2. England
  3. Norway

Net for ✓ Favorable

  1. Argentina
  2. Portugal
  3. Brazil

Net for is the favorable side — more interventions breaking for the team means VAR leaned their way.

Big Moments

Were opponents' goals disallowed in this team's favor unusually often?

None or few

  1. Brazil
  2. Canada
  3. Colombia

Most often ✓ Favorable

  1. Portugal
  2. Argentina
  3. Egypt

Most often is the favorable side — more opponent goals disallowed means those interventions fell the team's way.

Big Moments

Were they awarded penalties at an outlier rate — won vs conceded?

Net conceded

  1. Egypt
  2. Paraguay
  3. Morocco

Net won ✓ Favorable

  1. Argentina
  2. Brazil
  3. Switzerland

Net won is the favorable side — winning more penalties than they concede means the spot-kick calls leaned their way.

Big Moments

Adding up the match-swinging calls, did they net for or against them?

Net against

  1. Egypt
  2. Colombia
  3. Paraguay

Net for ✓ Favorable

  1. Argentina
  2. Mexico
  3. Brazil

Net for is the favorable side — penalties, red cards and disallowed goals netting in their favor means the decisive calls broke their way.